Both Zach transcripts contain strong evidence supporting and contrasting Chomsky's theory. Zachy drawing a banana transcript has evidence of Zach speaking grammatically incorrect ''I think I don't'' backing up Chomsky's idea that it's not possible that children have learnt ungrammatical sentences through imitation alone. However in the Zach and the healing robot transcript there is clear evidence of Zach learning through imitation when Zach says ''an I'm sitting here to for waiting to get so it could feel better'' Zach has realised that this sentence is incorrect as he includes ''to get better for it'' Halla responds saying ''waiting for the robot to get better?'' Zach understands the correction replying with ''yeah/yeah'' this can be evidence that contrasts Chomsky's theory of children not learning through imitation. Chomsky's theory says that children are quick to figure out grammatical errors from adults such as when Halla said ''we don't have breakfast?'' and Zach responding with ''we're not gonna have breakfast'' supporting the idea that children do not learn from imitation.
Throughout the Zachy drawing a banana transcript although Halla is the more submissive partner in conversation often responding with questions for Zach to answer, Halla sets the agenda of the conversation as well as topic shifting such as when she asks what Zach is drawing and what he's eaten today. Although Halla sets the agenda she uses more features of being the submissive partner rather than the dominant, Halla would often respond rather than initiate, avoid interrupting by being less assertive and say lots less than Zach. In the Zach and the healing robot transcript Zach controlled the topics and reinforced the required behaviour when Halla asked ''it's a good idea to have some breakfast while we're waiting'' with Zach responding saying ''we don't need breakfast'' Halla would proceed to ask for breakfast whilst Zach would set the agenda to waiting for the robot to heal.
Bibliography:
https://revisionworld.com/a2-level-level-revision/english-language/language-and-power
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooperative_principle
http://www.simplypsychology.org/vygotsky.html
http://www.simplypsychology.org/operant-conditioning.html
https://aggslanguage.wordpress.com/chomsky/
http://www.simplypsychology.org/language.html
Sunday, 16 October 2016
Friday, 7 October 2016
Accent and Dialect Revision
Martha's Vineyard theory
- Even if you come from the same place you can speak different due to other reasons
- Covert prestige
- An island lying about 3 miles off New England on the East Coast of the United States of America
- Population of about 6000
- Over 40,000 visitors
- 2.5 per cent of the population still involved in the fishing industry, most lived in the Chilmark area
- fishermen formed the most close-knit social group on the island and the group opposed to the summer people
- the younger (31-45 years) speakers a movement seemed to be taking place away from the pronunciations associated with the standard New England norms, and towards a pronunciation associated with conservative and characteristically Vineyard speakers
Giles Matched Guise Techniques
- Experiment to see peoples views and feelings towards certain dialects or accents
- Received pronunciation was the most impressive and influential
- Whereas Brummie was least inspiring and convincing
Peter Trudgill's Norwich study
- A study done in the 1970's to see how peoples way of speaking varied
- Trudgill studied the final consonant in words such as words like walkING, runnING,
- He found that in Norwich's pronunciation of these words sounded like they ended with N 'walkin' 'runnin'
- "Nearly everywhere in the Eng-speaking world we find this alternation between higher-class/formal ng and lower class/informal n. It goes back to the fact that in Old English (and later) there were two forms, a gerund ending in -ing (walking is good for you) and a present participle ending in -end (he was walking). The -end form was the ancestor of -n' and -ing (obviously) of -ing. "
- Trudgill's study found that in all social classes the more careful the speech the more likely they are to say 'walking' rather than 'walkin'
- The proportion of walkin' type forms was higher in lower social classes.
- The nonstandard -in' forms occurred much more often in men's speech than in women's, and this was true for all social classes.
- Even if you come from the same place you can speak different due to other reasons
- Covert prestige
- An island lying about 3 miles off New England on the East Coast of the United States of America
- Population of about 6000
- Over 40,000 visitors
- 2.5 per cent of the population still involved in the fishing industry, most lived in the Chilmark area
- fishermen formed the most close-knit social group on the island and the group opposed to the summer people
- the younger (31-45 years) speakers a movement seemed to be taking place away from the pronunciations associated with the standard New England norms, and towards a pronunciation associated with conservative and characteristically Vineyard speakers
Giles Matched Guise Techniques
- Experiment to see peoples views and feelings towards certain dialects or accents
- Received pronunciation was the most impressive and influential
- Whereas Brummie was least inspiring and convincing
Peter Trudgill's Norwich study
- A study done in the 1970's to see how peoples way of speaking varied
- Trudgill studied the final consonant in words such as words like walkING, runnING,
- He found that in Norwich's pronunciation of these words sounded like they ended with N 'walkin' 'runnin'
- "Nearly everywhere in the Eng-speaking world we find this alternation between higher-class/formal ng and lower class/informal n. It goes back to the fact that in Old English (and later) there were two forms, a gerund ending in -ing (walking is good for you) and a present participle ending in -end (he was walking). The -end form was the ancestor of -n' and -ing (obviously) of -ing. "
- Trudgill's study found that in all social classes the more careful the speech the more likely they are to say 'walking' rather than 'walkin'
- The proportion of walkin' type forms was higher in lower social classes.
- The nonstandard -in' forms occurred much more often in men's speech than in women's, and this was true for all social classes.
BBC Podcast Task
Small Talk
Michael Rosen, Dr Laura wright and psychotherapist Philippa Perry talk about how meaningless small talk can be such as the subject on weather describing it as unimaginative however arguing that it can be seen as imaginative as they think you are saying you're a person they would like to stay friends with. However they think it is a terrible shame that people belittle it as it is a gateway to bigger talk as both parties are friendly, willing and open to getting deeper into their acquaintance in an exchange of words that may be meaningless however it’s a doorway to conversation on a more specific common ground, they believe that you can get to big talk via ritualised small talk.
Link:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b07wby0n
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